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Oh, this soil

At our new home, we have learned about the power of water to carry soil downhill. We cleared about an acre and a half of land at the house site.  It was covered with the scrubby pines of an overgrown pasture that hadn’t seen a cow in fifty years, and we decided to put the house there in part to avoid damaging the hardwoods covering much of the remaining 28 acres that were certainly standing when Sherman’s men burned Columbia during the Civil War.

I needed a spot for the garden and for the chickens, and so a nice man with a bulldozer happily obliged my desires for destruction.  What we didn’t realize while trees were falling was the enormity of the task we had undertaken to transform the bare dirt into soil.

You would think I would know better by now.  Well, I did know better, but somehow I thought we could make the soil stay on the hill long enough to sprout some grass seeds and hold back the soil.

In May, scorching 100-degree-days were still a bit of a memory.  And I expected that the well at the new house would be as good as the one at the old house that happily provided an endless supply of water, even though we never wasted it there.

One-hundred-degree days arrived about the same time the men laid the sod. We realized, after fifteen pallets of sod were on the ground, that our well, as initially drilled, would not support an irrigation system.  The reservoir held about 40 minutes of water, which meant that if we watered the grass we no longer had drinking water in the house until more water filled the reservoir.

I conserve water and do not run the sprinkler system unless absolutely necessary, but keeping sod alive in June made watering it necessary.  We solved the well troubles, and then rain began to fall in torrents, in amounts of several inches a week.  The sod has thrived, but sowing grass seed was impossible.

Bare soil that needs a cover

Unfortunately, because of the well troubles, we didn’t even bother trying to sow grass seed.  The torrents of rain washed much of the remaining top soil into the woods.  This winter, we intend to have the soil scraped back up the hill and plan to sow seeds on it.  We will also probably build a retaining wall or two and will plant some shrubs as a windbreak.

My garden spot is doing well; it’s on a flat piece of ground.  We robbed soil from that area to build up the ground to level the pool, and we purchased topsoil (unscreened and weedy though it was) to fill in the hole that remained.  A local horse farm will load all the manure you can use for a small fee, so I got about four pickup truck loads of manure and put it on the garden spot, had the landscaper haul some of the granite dust left over from drilling the well 500 feet into stone onto the site, added about 100 pounds of lime, 100 pounds of cottonseed meal, and had the landscaper till it in with his tractor.

The squash is the first crop harvested from this land since the last cows left fifty or more years ago.  I am told that a portion of our land, an overgrown field not yet returned to forest, but well on its way to reforestation covered as it was by cedar trees, sweet gums, and other weedy trees, produced some row crops and hay for some years into this century, but had been given over to scrubby trees for over a decade.  We cleared it and are keeping it mowed to prevent reforestation.

As for the rest of the property we have cleared, we have the expected sod and bushes around the house and my flower garden in the front of the house.  From my many years of experience in gardening, and to the tolerant consternation of the landscapers and building contractor, I knew exactly what I wanted in landscaping, and, possibly more important:  what I did NOT want.

Deer tolerant plants (although I haven’t seen a deer, thanks to the coyotes), shrubs that are the correct size for the space so they do not require anything more than a shaping-up once a year, and a manageable flower garden will enable me to enjoy a beautiful, and an easy-to-maintain, landscape.   

Perennial gardens flank the front walk

I am restraining myself to avoid creating the beautiful, although impossible for me to take care of anymore, garden of my previous home.  At that home, I set out to grow every plant I had ever wanted to grow, and I succeeded in doing so as long as it could survive our climate and the critters.  Now I am growing the things I love that will be happy without too much trouble.

I managed to harvest enough crowder peas to freeze

The fall has arrived, and I have begun attempting to sow seed in these barren places.  When we are able, we will have another nice man with heavy equipment move some of the soil back up the hill and we will sow more seed to hold back the erosion.

This week, I have dug some terraces in the vegetable garden and across the chicken yard to retard washing.  As I write this, thunder crashes and I hear rain pounding the metal roof, and I envision those seeds I sowed earlier flowing into the woods, despite my efforts of straw and terraces and attempts at soil preparation.

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DIY Hoophouse

I went on a tour with the Carolina Farm Stewardship Association last year.  They sponsor a three-day conference, in Durham, NC,  which I would love to attend in full, but I was able to go on a tour of hoop houses and farms.  I read many articles and books about farming, and people always talk about hoop houses, which are unheated greenhouses.  In our climate, people grow crops in them year round.  I was very interested to see beautiful tomatoes, unmolested by insects, disease, or weather, in November in the hoop houses.Building a “real” hoop house is not presently in my budget, so I came home and created a DIY version out of materials I already had at home.  Professional hoophouses, like these, are large structures in which people can walk around and trellis tomatoes.  I can’t walk in mine, but it should protect the lettuce plants.

I spread a piece of clear, heavy weight plastic on the ground.  I attached the metal rods on each long end with strings tied underneath.

I roll up the sides, as shown below, to ventilate the greenhouse.  In my climate, South Carolina zone 8, I leave the sides up most of the time, closing them only when severe winter temperatures threaten.

Sometimes, I roll down the sides but I leave the ends up.  This provides some ventilation but provides additional protection from cold temperatures.

I have not tried growing warm weather crops in this modified high tunnel.  Our summers are so blisteringly hot anyway I fear I would forget the plants for a morning and find them fried.  Because of the flimsiness of my construction materials, I couldn’t build it high enough to accommodate the growth of a mature tomato plant.
This is definitely on the realm of DIY structures and was, for me, free from materials I had on hand.
At the end of the winter, I found success in this DIY structure in starting seeds for transplant and for keeping the worst of the winter weather off my delicate plants.  A professional-grade hoophouse remains in my dreams but this will suffice for now!
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Thank you for your help, Braconid wasps!

It’s my first year on new soil.  I put out the plants in August in the heat.  And then the tomato horn worms descended on my garden.  After plucking a number of the creepy things and feeding them to my delighted chickens, I thought I had eliminated all of the worms.  They are difficult to see, camouflaged as they are with a color nearly identical to tomato vines, but on every trip to the garden I waded among the plants and plucked horn worms.

Tomato plants ravaged by horn worms and heat

This morning, when I was picking peas and other vegetables in preparation for the arrival of the remains of Hurricane Florence this evening, I saw more horn worms but these were covered with eggs laid by the parasitic Braconid wasp.  

I feel a little sorry for the caterpillar, covered as it is by the eggs that are nourishing themselves by removing nutrients they need for survival from it.   Instead of eating my plants, the caterpillar looks sort of sickly and dismayed by its situation.

I will not feed him to the chickens.  Instead, I’ll leave the eggs to complete their life cycle and make dozens more new wasps for next year.  If you find tomato horn worms covered with these eggs in your garden, leave them alone.  They will eat little to nothing else and will soon turn into more wasps to protect your garden for next year.

I hope these survive the hurricane.  We are 100 miles inland, and we are expecting wind and rain.  All day, the wind has been increasing and the clouds are becoming darker as the outer bands of the now tropical storm arrive.  For more information about the Braconid wasp, visit this article.